Effect of substrate combinations on mushroom production

Mushroom are nutritionally rich and balanced food for human consumption as they are good source of protein, vitamins and minerals (Khan et. al. 1981; Wahid et. al. 1988). They possess appreciable amount of potassium, phosphorus, copper and iron but low level of calcium (Anderson and Feller, 1942). They also contain niacin, pantothenic acid and biotin (Subramanian, 1986) that can fulfill the minimum nutritional requirement of the body. They grow on a wide range of agro and industrial wastes. The mushroom cultivation has ample potentialities as small industries for self employment among the youths. The objectives lying around mushroom faming principally aim at the increase of productivity.

Keeping this in mind, few locally available agro-wastes were used with wheat straw combination as a substrate to increase biological efficiency of Pleurotus florida Strain P1.

Materials and Methods:
This work was carried out in the Mushroom Research Laboratory, K.S.S. P.G. College, Ayodhya- Faizabad during 2004-2005.Some of the locally available wastes, viz., Corn cob, Rice husk, Mango sawdust in combination with wheat straw (1:1) were tested of cultivation of Pleurotus florida Strain- P1. These were pasteurized in the solution of Formaldehyde (500 ppm) and Bavistin (75 ppm) for 18 hours as recommended by Vijay and Sohi (1987). The beds were then prepared by layer spawning following the standard procedure. The beds after spawning were incubated in cultivation room at 20-30ºC temperature and 85-95% humidity for spawn run. When mycelia had completely covered the beds the polythene covering of beds were turned off. The time for spawn run, pin head initiation, number and amount of sporocarp produced, yield and biological efficiency were separated recorded for three subsequent flushes. The biological efficiency of mushroom was worked out as percentage yield of fresh mushroom in relation to dry weight of substrate as suggested by Chang and Miles (1989). Completely Randomize Design (CRD) was employed for the experiments. All the data were analyzed statistically. The critical difference (CD) was worked out at five percent probability level.

Results and Discussions:
All the substrate combinations took longer time for spawn run than control. They also showed variation for primordial development and harvesting of mushrooms which was observed minimum in wheat straw + corn cob (22 and 27 Days) while the maximum in wheat straw + mango sawdust (26 and 30 Days). Among selected combinations, only wheat straw + corn cob (707 gm, 141.4 %) gave significant yield and biological efficiency than control (665 gm, 133 %). It was probably due to higher dry matter content of corn cob. Our result was similar to finding of Singh and Kanaujia (2001) who recommended the use of corn cob for Pleurotus cultivation. 

                   Table: Effect of substrate combinations on mushroom production

WS: Wheat Straw; CC: Corn Cob; RH: Rice Husk, MSD: Mango Sawdust

References:

• Chang, S.T. and P.G. Miles (1989): Edible mushrooms and their cultivation, CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 256-274.
• Khan, S.M., A.G. Kausar and M.A. Ali (1981): Yield performance of different strain of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.) on paddy straw in Pakistan. Mush. Sci. XI Sydney 1: 675-676.
• Singh, C.S. and Kanaujia, R.S. (2001): Personal communication.
• Subramanian, T.R. (1986): Nutritive value. Mushroom Extension Bulletin. Indian Institute of Horticulture Research, India. 8: 36.
• Vijay, B. and H.S. Sohi (1987): Cultivation of oyster mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer on chemically sterilized wheat straw. Mush. J. Tropics 7: 67-75.
• Wahid, M., A. Sattar and S. Khan (1988): Composition of wild and cultivated mushroom of Pakistan. Mushroom J. Tropics 8: 47-51.  

Note: This is a part of the research paper entitled "Integrated approach to increase biological efficiency of Pleurotus florida Strain-P1".

Cited this as: C.S. Singh, Siddhant, Ruchira singh and R.S. Kanaujia (2008). Integrated approach to increase biological efficiency of Pleurotus florida Strain P1. J. Basic Appl. Mycol 7(I&II): 27-30.

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