An unrecorded flora rot of Zinnia in India

Zinnia elegans Jacq., an ornamental plant of the family compositae has been found to be parasited by Rhizopus nigricans. The disease was recognized as flower rot. Earlier, R. nigricans has not been found on Zinnia elegans. It is, therefore, reported as a new fungus host association and a new disease record for India.

Cited this as: Kanaujia R.S., Singh C.S. and C.K. Yadav (1993): An unrecorded flora rot of Zinnia in India. Proceeding of the Eightieth Session of The Indian Science Congress Part III. p. 227. (Abstract)

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मेरी कलम 06:58  No comment

Effect of cereal, millet and legume bran supplement on yield and biological efficiency of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus flabellatus)

Oyster mushroom has been described both as parasite and saprophyte on several trees. In the wild, it is found on trunk or stumps of various trees and shrubs, mainly of deciduous nature. It belongs to family Pleurotaceae of order Agaricales. It is being popularized worldwide due to its nutritional properties which make it an ideal food for human consumption. Although, in India, it is admired due to its excellent flavor, taste and above all, easy and less expensive method of growing with a wide choice of species available for cultivation under different climatic conditions. Different approaches have been done to increase mushroom yield at different time interval. These include selection and preparation of substrate, spawn and spawning strategy, supplementation of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. The nutrient composition of substrate is one of the important factor limiting the saprobiotic colonization of cultivated mushrooms and particularly the fruiting of Pleurotus spp. The growth of microorganisms as well as qualitative and quantitative yield of the desirable product also depends on the utilization of nutrients from the growing medium. The nutritional content of the substrate can be enhanced by the addition of nitrogen to the substrate that helps in getting higher mushroom yield. Keeping this in mind, different bran, viz., wheat, rice, maize, barley (cereal bran), sorghum (millet bran), pea, gram and pigeon pea (legume bran) were evaluated as supplement @ 10% on dry weight basis of substrate for enhancing yield and biological efficiency of Pleurotus flabellatus. Among the bran used, wheat, rice, sorghum, pea and pigeon pea bran produced significant yield and biological efficiency of mushroom than the control. It was recorded maximum in rice bran (655 gm, 131%) followed by wheat bran (615 gm, 123%), pea bran (600 gm, 120%), pigeon pea bran (595 gm, 109%) and sorghum bran (580 gm, 116%). 

Effect of various supplements on mushroom cropping

Significantly (P=0.05) higher weight/sporocarp was obtained from the barley (12.50gm), pea (13.63 gm) and pigeon pea bran (15.42 gm)while none of them produced significant number of sporocarp.  (PDF file)

Cited this as: Siddhant, Singh R. and R.S. Kanaujia (2015): Effect of cereal, millet and legume bran supplement on yield and biological efficiency of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus flabellatus). Mushroom Research. 24(1): 69-74.

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मेरी कलम 10:23  No comment

STUDIES ON CERTAIN ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SOIL FUNGI- IX

Mycoflora of cultivated dhusi (sandy loam) soil kept at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 percent moisture levels has been studied. By increasing the moisture status of the soil up to 30 per cent, the fungal population of the soil increased and then decreased onwards till 80 per cent moisture where the lowest population both in quality and quantity was obtained every time. Except for 20 per cent set, population decreased gradually on succeeding sampling dates. The bacterial population, on the other hand, increased with increasing moisture status from 10-80 percent. The waterlogging conditions at the higher moisture status (40-80 per cent) possibly reduced the aeration and favoured the growth of bacteria which may be held responsible for the low fungi with highly moistened soils. (PDF at Slideshare.net)

Cited this as- Kanaujia R.S. (1977): Studies on certain aspects of soil fungi. Part 9- Mycoflora in relation to moisture status. FERTILIZER TECHNOLOGY. 14(1&2): 104-107.

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मेरी कलम 00:01  No comment

STUDIES ON CERTAIN ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SOIL FUNGI. VII

Mycoflora of soils, separately amended with urea, ammonium sulphate, superphosphate, organic manure and fresh leaves/twigs of Ipomoea fistulosa and regularly irrigated, has been investigated. Each amendments was applied at 60 kg/acre. 52 fungal species, comprising 7 spp. of Phycomycetes, 1 Ascomycetes, 38 spp. of Deuteromycetes and 7 sterile colonies, were isolated from the amended and control plots. Fungal population was higher in the amended soils as compared to control. Organic manure and irrigated plots, however, possessed more fungal populations. Among the fertilized plots, the ones amended by urea gave the highest yield, followed by those amended by superphosphate and ammonium sulphate in the decreasing order. During early stages, the plots supplemented with I. fistulosa gave considerably low fungi, with the population, however, increasing at the later stages. The increased nutrition status by various amendments has been emphasized for the increased mycoflora in the amended plots. (Full paper at Slideshare.net)

Cited this as- Kanaujia R.S. (1977): Studies on certain aspects of soil fungi: Part 7- Fungi of amended soils. FERTILIZER TECHNOLOGY.14(1&2):136-139.   

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मेरी कलम 23:18  No comment

STUDIES ON CERTAIN ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SOIL FUNGI. VI

Ten soil samples belonging to 7 soil type (up-lying cultivated field, low-lying cultivated field, garden, waterlogged area, usar, barren land and old mound) were collected from three districts, viz., Hardoi, Lucknow and Unnao of Uttar Pradesh (India). These have been assayed for their mycoflora. A total of  65 fungal species, comprising 10 Phycomycetes, 6 Ascomycetes, 43 Deuteromycetes and 6 mycelia sterilia were isolated. In most of the soil samples, Deuteromycetes were maximum in number followed by Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes and mycelia sterilia. Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus flavus were present in all the soil types. The garden locality displayed the highest fungal population. Cultivated localities also exhibits good fungal population which appreciably lowered in submerged, usar and barren soil. However, the lowest population was recorded in old mound. A correlation between habitat, cover vegetation and physico-chemical characters has been established. (Full paper at Slideshare.net)

Cited this as- Kanaujia R.S. and Singh C.S. (1977): Studies on certain ecological aspects of soil fungi VI. Fungi in relation to locality type, cover vegetation and physico-chemical characters of the soil. Sydowia. XXX (1-6): 112-121.  

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मेरी कलम 20:43  No comment

STUDIES ON CERTAIN ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SOIL FUNGI. III

Certain ecological aspects of soil fungi from three different localities. viz., forest, cultivated field and grassland, quite near to each other, have been studied. The forest was chiefly dominated by Sal (Shorea robusta). Triticum vulgare, Pisum sativum and Brassica campestris (in winter), Pennisetum typhoides, Sorghum vulgare, Zea mays and different Phaseolus spp. (in rainy season) were grown in cultivated field whereas in grassland Cynodon dactylon was the dominated species. sample were collected from 8 different depths, viz., 0-2, 2-7, 7-12, 12-17, 17-25, 25-35, 35-45 and 45-60 cms separately in sterilized soil containers. The sampling of soil was continued for a year in 3 different seasons i.e. summer, rainy and winter of the year 1970. The fungal population was generally found to be highest in upper layer and with an increase in depth the fungi per gm dry soil decreased gradually. Amongst 3 localities, fungal population was highest in forest sample and lowest in the grassland in  all the corresponding depths. The maximum population in forest and cultivated localities was recorded during rainy season whereas in grassland it was in winter. The lowest population was always in the summer season. Organic matter content, moisture content, pH, depth of the sampling spot, locality and seasonal variation seem to play important role in distribution of mycoflora. Aspergilli were in majority through the investigation. (Full paper at Slideshare.net)

Cite this as- Mishra R.R. and Kanaujia R.S. (1972): Studies on certain ecological aspects of soil fungi. III. Soil fungi in relation to varying cover vegetation, climatic conditions, soil depths and physico-chemical characters of soil. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, India. XLII (II):131-140. 

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मेरी कलम 05:26  No comment

STUDIES ON CERTAIN ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SOIL FUNGI - II

The mycoflora of twenty-one soil samples, collected from eight districts, viz., Aligarh, Nainital, Hardoi, Unnao, Lucknow, Gorakhpur, Deoria and Jaunpaur  has been described. Apparently similar localities situated widely apart and closely situated localities with diverse characteristics have been surveyed. The fungal population was generally higher in cultivated fields. The different cultivated fields, however, exhibited remarkable variation in their fungal population. Higher population was obtained in three low lying cultivated fields which were under crop cover for short duration in the year. Nature and duration of cropping affected the population. Longer the period the field was under crop coverage higher the fungal population. Uncultivated barren localities like usar land and hillock top possessed lower fungal flora. The type of fungal species associated with different samples differed to some extent. The maximum number of fungal species i.e. 28, was obtained from cultivated field and the minimum i.e. 05 from bare mound. The members of Deuteromycetes outnumbered others followed by the members of Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes. The Actinomycetes and mycelia sterilia were also infrequently isolated from certain localities. Physico-chemical charactes of the soil, i.e. moisture content, organic matter content and pH also affected the soil fungal flora. (Full paper at Slideshare.net)

Cite this as- Mishra R.R. and Kanaujia R.S. (1973): Studies on certain ecological aspects of soil fungi. II. Distribution of soil fungi in relation to cover vegetation and physico-chemical characters of the soils. ANALES DE EDAFOLOGIA Y AGROBIOLOGIA. XXXII (1-2): 21-34.

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मेरी कलम 08:20  No comment

Studies on certain ecological aspects of soil fungi

Eight localities of village Bhatauli of Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh (India) have been analysed for their soil mycoflora. 52 fungal forms belonging to 29 genera with two members of mycelia sterilia were isolated. Eight species (confined to 7 genera)of Phycomycetes, 3 spp. (2 genera including one Ascogenous species of Aspergillus) from Ascomycetes, 39 spp. belonging to 20 genera of Deuteromycetes and two mycelia sterilia (white and black one each)comprise the total population. Genus Aspergillus alone represents 13 species, viz., A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, A. sydowi, A. flavus, A. terreus, A. terreus var. Africanus, A. flavipes, A. niger, A. aculeatus, A. ochraceus, A. tamarii, A. carncus and A. gorakhpurensis and shows wide distribution in all the localities. On the other hand, few species like Botryodiplodia sp., Fusidium viride, Helicostylum piriforme, Humicola fuscoatra, Penicillium expansum, Pythiopsis sp., Stachybotrys atra, Scopulariopsis sp., Stysanus stemonites and white sterile form were confined to only limited localities. Relationship of various other factors viz., organic matter, moisture content and pH of the soil with fungal population has also been studied. (Full paper at Slideshare.net))

Cite this as- Mishra R.R. and Kanaujia R.S. (1972):  Studies on certain ecological aspects of soil fungi. Tropical Ecology. 13(1):5-11.

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मेरी कलम 06:12  No comment