Morchella, a true morels belonging to class Ascomycetes, are amongst the most highly prized fungi in the world. It is commonly known as morel, dryland fish, pine cone, guchchhi and sponge mushroom. It is easy to spot due to its distinctive honey combed upper portion which is composed of a network of ridges and pits. Occurrence of 18 species of Morchella are reported from 28 countries, where in altogether 14 species are reported to be edible and used as food and 5 are used medicinally. In India, majority of Morchella species are reported...
Tuesday, 29 November 2016
Oxytocin: A myth hormone for oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eous).
Recent studies indicate that increased misuse of Oxytocin (C43H66N12O12S2) injection in fruits and vegetable farming sectors where it is applied either through injection, spraying or with irrigation to plant especially Cucurbits to enlarge their size in short time. Keeping this in mind, various dilutions of Oxytocin viz., 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 % v/v were sprayed on the mushroom beds just after the spawn run to evaluate their effect on the yield and biological efficiency of Pleurotus eous. The oxytocin treatments neither minimized the production cycle nor it enhanced mushroom yield in relation...
Thursday, 27 October 2016
Wet rot disease of Cereus hexagonus and fruit rot of Syzygium cumini, new to India
During an extensive survey of fungi from Faizabad (U.P.), the author came across two important diseases, viz., wet rot of Cereus hexagonus caused by Periconia byssoides Pers ex Me'rat and fruit rot of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels caused by Rhizopus nigricans Ehrenb. ex Corda, new to India. The specimen has been deposited in the Department of Botany, K.S.S. P.G. College, Faizabad under Accession No. RSK 415 and 558. The brief description of the disease is given below: Wet rot disease of Cereus hexagonus: (Caused by Periconia byssoides Pers ex Me'rat, Collected from Ayodhya....
Tuesday, 18 October 2016
Sclerotial rot of Stapelia gigantea new to India
Stapelia gigantea, an ornamental succulent of family Asclepiadaceae was observed infected by a rot in Ayodhya of Faizabad district during September 1979. The fungus was isolated on PDA medium and was indentified as Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. The specimen has been deposited in the Department of Botany, K.S.S. P.G. College, Faizabad (Accession No. 649). The disease stars as small pin head size, black submerged spots near the ground which gradually enlarge and merged together to form irregular larger patches. The spots progress upward and within a fortnight involve the entire plant that by this...
Wednesday, 12 October 2016
Record of Periconia byssoides on Four 'O' clock plant from India
In September, 1978, the author observed plants of Mirabilis jalapa L. infected by wet disease at Faizabad. On examination the pathogen responsible for the disease was found to be Periconia byssoides Pers. ex Me'rat. The disease starts as a small gray patch at the nodes. The colour of infected region gradually changes to light brown due to the production of codiophores and conidia of pathogen. Within 12-15 days of infection the region of the plant above infected nodes showed wilting, finally the rotting and droping of the plant above it. The specimen has...
Saturday, 1 October 2016
Periconia rot of Capsicum annuum in India
Periconia byssoides is known to parasite a number of plants in India but so far not reported on Capsicum annuum L. The small spherical to irregular spots of light brown colour gradually enlarged and merged subsequently to form continuous dark brown to black patches on stem, leaves and fruits. The whole plant were soon infected and ultimately dried within 20-25 days. The damage was about 70-85 per cent. The fungus was isolated on PDA medium by usual methods. The specimen has been deposited (No. RSK-142) in the herbarium of Botany Department, K.S.S. P.G....
Tuesday, 27 September 2016
Saturday, 24 September 2016
Fruit rot of mandarin orange
In December 1978, the author observed the stored fruits of Citrus reticulata Blanco severely infected by a fungus causing soft rot in local fruit market of Faizabad. The entire fruit surface was densely covered by the fungus causing the rot. The fungus was isolated on PDA medium and identified as Trichoderma lignorum (Tode) harz. In India, T. lignorum has been found on various substrates, viz., soil, rhizosphere region of Pennisetum typhoides, paddy straw of mushroom beds, phyllosphere of Impatiens balsamina and Citrus crysocarpa but not on Citrus reticulata and the present association is...
Thursday, 15 September 2016
Notes on a new fungal disease of Alocasia indica
Short hole disease of Alocasia indica Schott, caused by Phoma exigua Desm., earlier unknown to India has been reported from Faizabad. The infection was chiefly confined to the margins of lamina. It started as small nonchlorophyllous spots near the fronds. The spots gradually enlarged irregularly upto 2-3 cm sq. area of the leaf, merged and in final stage, necrosis and then short holes appeared within a month. The pathogenicity tests performed by standard methods proved pathogenic nature of the fungus.(link) Cited this as : R.S. Kanaujia (1978): Notes on a new fungal disease...
Thursday, 1 September 2016
Wet rot of Amaranthus viridis
During survey of fungi causing disease in plants at Faizabad (U.P.), authors observed infection of wet rot disease on Amaranthus viridis L. plants growing as mixed crop with Abelmoschus esculentus at Ram Kote, Ayodhya of Faizabad district in September, 1976. The infection was severe during flowering when percentage of infection recorded was upto 60-70. The microscopic studies of the original specimen and that grown on Czapek's Agar Medium match with the description of Gilman for Choanephora cucurbitarum (Berk. & Rav.) Thaxter. The pathogenicity of the fungus was established. This is the first...
Tuesday, 30 August 2016
Abnormality in Archegoniophore of Marchantia polymorpha L.
Abnormality in the reproductive organs of different genera in order Marchantiales has been described by various workers. The specimen of Marchantia polymorpha L., collected from Mani parvat at Ayodhya in Faizabad exhibits the emergence of an abnormal vegetative branch with gemma cup from the upper half of the archegoniophore. This is supposed to have happened either due to near freaks or by reversion of ancestral characters because compact carpocephala in Marchantiales has been derived by the condensation of the dichotomous branches of the growing point of receptacles.This has been described for the first...
Tuesday, 31 May 2016
धरती के करीब लाल ग्रह: मंगल
मंगल सौर मण्डल में सूर्य से बुद्ध, शुक्र तथा पृथ्वी के बाद चौथा ग्रह है। पृथ्वी से देखने पर इसकी आभा रक्तिम दिखाई देती है इसी वजह से इसे लाल ग्रह के नाम से भी जाना जाता है। मंगल की सूर्य से औसत दूरी लगभग 23 करोड़ कि॰मी॰ और कक्षीय अवधि 687 (पृथ्वी) दिवस है। मंगल पर सौर दिवस एक पृथ्वी दिवस से मात्र थोड़ा सा लंबा है : 24 घंटे, 39 मिनट और 35.244 सेकण्ड। एक मंगल वर्ष 1.8809 पृथ्वी वर्ष के बराबर या 1वर्ष, 320 दिन और 18.2 घंटे है। मंगल का...
Saturday, 21 May 2016
बासी गन्ने मे शर्करा क्षरण को कम करने हेतु परियोजना के कार्यों का संयुक्त सारांश
चीनी उत्पादन को प्रभावित करने वाले कारकों में गन्ना काटने से लेकर पेराई के बीच होने वाले अंतर का चीनी परता के ह्रास में मुख्य भूमिका है। इस ह्रास से किसान एवं चीनी उद्योग दोनों को राजस्व का घाटा होता है। ऐसे ह्रासो को कम करने की दिशा में विज्ञान एवं प्रौद्योगिकी परिषद, लखनऊ द्वारा एक वित्त पोषित परियोजना गन्ना शोध संस्थान, शाहजहाँपुर में वर्ष 2006 से 2008 के मध्य चलाई गई। परियोजना के प्रथम वर्ष (2006-2007) में ऐसी प्रजातियों का चयन किया गया था जिनमे शर्करा विघटन को रोकने की अपेक्षाकृत अधिक...
Friday, 20 May 2016
To develop technologies for minimizing sugar losses in staled sugarcane under U.P. conditions : A Joint Report
Late crushing of sugarcane is emerging challenge to Indian Sugar Industry. The time lag between harvesting to milling of cane generally ranges between 3-7 days which entails losses in recoverable sugar due to staling. Staling losses are virtually most detrimental to sugar industry. These losses affect the cane tonnage which have to bear to the can growers. To minimizing staling losses, a research scheme sponsored by Council of Science and Technology (Uttar Pradesh) was carried out at Sugarcane Research Institute, Shahjahanpur during 2006-2008. In the first year of the project (2006-2007), the relative...
Tuesday, 10 May 2016
बुद्ध परागमन ( Transit of Mercury)
जब बुद्ध ग्रह (मर्करी) सूर्य तथा पृथ्वी के मध्य से गुजरता है तो वह सूर्य की डिस्क पर एक काले बिन्दु के रूप मे दिखाई देता है। इसे घटना को ही बुद्ध परागमन कहते हैं। अंग्रेजी मे इसे Transit of Mercury कहा जाता है। इसकी तुलना 06 जून, 2012 मे पड़े वीनस ट्रांज़िट से की जा सकती है। इसे सर्वप्रथम फ्रेंच खगोलशास्त्री पियरे गैसेंडी ने 07 नवम्बर, 1631 मे देखा था। हालांकि इस घटना का सटीक अनुमान केपलर साहब ने पहले ही लगा लिया था परन्तु इसे देखने के लिए वे जीवित नहीं...
Sunday, 1 May 2016
Diversity of rust fungi in Oudh region of Uttar Pradesh
In all 207 rust species belonging to 15 genera related to 3 major families were recorded. Melampsoraceae having 4 genera with 16 species on 20 hosts, Pucciniaceae with 8 genera and 166 species from 22 hosts, and 3 form genera having 25 species from 31 hosts were identified. The host from 32 families of flowering plants were found parasitized by different rust species. Thirteen rust genera represented by 127 species were collected from 150 hosts of dicots and 7 genera with 86 species were recorded from 137 monocots; grasses being the main hosts....
Sunday, 17 April 2016
An unrecorded flora rot of Zinnia in India
Zinnia elegans Jacq., an ornamental plant of the family compositae has been found to be parasited by Rhizopus nigricans. The disease was recognized as flower rot. Earlier, R. nigricans has not been found on Zinnia elegans. It is, therefore, reported as a new fungus host association and a new disease record for India. Cited this as: Kanaujia R.S., Singh C.S. and C.K. Yadav (1993): An unrecorded flora rot of Zinnia in India. Proceeding of the Eightieth Session of The Indian Science Congress Part III. p. 227. (Abstract) ...
Sunday, 10 April 2016
Effect of cereal, millet and legume bran supplement on yield and biological efficiency of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus flabellatus)
Oyster mushroom has been described both as parasite and saprophyte on several trees. In the wild, it is found on trunk or stumps of various trees and shrubs, mainly of deciduous nature. It belongs to family Pleurotaceae of order Agaricales. It is being popularized worldwide due to its nutritional properties which make it an ideal food for human consumption. Although, in India, it is admired due to its excellent flavor, taste and above all, easy and less expensive method of growing with a wide choice of species available for cultivation under different climatic...
STUDIES ON CERTAIN ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SOIL FUNGI- IX
Mycoflora of cultivated dhusi (sandy loam) soil kept at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 percent moisture levels has been studied. By increasing the moisture status of the soil up to 30 per cent, the fungal population of the soil increased and then decreased onwards till 80 per cent moisture where the lowest population both in quality and quantity was obtained every time. Except for 20 per cent set, population decreased gradually on succeeding sampling dates. The bacterial population, on the other hand, increased with increasing moisture status from 10-80...
Friday, 8 April 2016
STUDIES ON CERTAIN ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SOIL FUNGI. VII
Mycoflora of soils, separately amended with urea, ammonium sulphate, superphosphate, organic manure and fresh leaves/twigs of Ipomoea fistulosa and regularly irrigated, has been investigated. Each amendments was applied at 60 kg/acre. 52 fungal species, comprising 7 spp. of Phycomycetes, 1 Ascomycetes, 38 spp. of Deuteromycetes and 7 sterile colonies, were isolated from the amended and control plots. Fungal population was higher in the amended soils as compared to control. Organic manure and irrigated plots, however, possessed more fungal populations. Among the fertilized plots, the ones amended by urea gave the highest yield, followed by...
Thursday, 7 April 2016
STUDIES ON CERTAIN ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SOIL FUNGI. VI
Ten soil samples belonging to 7 soil type (up-lying cultivated field, low-lying cultivated field, garden, waterlogged area, usar, barren land and old mound) were collected from three districts, viz., Hardoi, Lucknow and Unnao of Uttar Pradesh (India). These have been assayed for their mycoflora. A total of 65 fungal species, comprising 10 Phycomycetes, 6 Ascomycetes, 43 Deuteromycetes and 6 mycelia sterilia were isolated. In most of the soil samples, Deuteromycetes were maximum in number followed by Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes and mycelia sterilia. Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus flavus were present in all the soil types....
Tuesday, 5 April 2016
STUDIES ON CERTAIN ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SOIL FUNGI. III
Certain ecological aspects of soil fungi from three different localities. viz., forest, cultivated field and grassland, quite near to each other, have been studied. The forest was chiefly dominated by Sal (Shorea robusta). Triticum vulgare, Pisum sativum and Brassica campestris (in winter), Pennisetum typhoides, Sorghum vulgare, Zea mays and different Phaseolus spp. (in rainy season) were grown in cultivated field whereas in grassland Cynodon dactylon was the dominated species. sample were collected from 8 different depths, viz., 0-2, 2-7, 7-12, 12-17, 17-25, 25-35, 35-45 and 45-60 cms separately in sterilized soil containers. The sampling...
Sunday, 3 April 2016
STUDIES ON CERTAIN ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SOIL FUNGI - II
The mycoflora of twenty-one soil samples, collected from eight districts, viz., Aligarh, Nainital, Hardoi, Unnao, Lucknow, Gorakhpur, Deoria and Jaunpaur has been described. Apparently similar localities situated widely apart and closely situated localities with diverse characteristics have been surveyed. The fungal population was generally higher in cultivated fields. The different cultivated fields, however, exhibited remarkable variation in their fungal population. Higher population was obtained in three low lying cultivated fields which were under crop cover for short duration in the year. Nature and duration of cropping affected the population. Longer the period the field...
Friday, 1 April 2016
Studies on certain ecological aspects of soil fungi
Eight localities of village Bhatauli of Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh (India) have been analysed for their soil mycoflora. 52 fungal forms belonging to 29 genera with two members of mycelia sterilia were isolated. Eight species (confined to 7 genera)of Phycomycetes, 3 spp. (2 genera including one Ascogenous species of Aspergillus) from Ascomycetes, 39 spp. belonging to 20 genera of Deuteromycetes and two mycelia sterilia (white and black one each)comprise the total population. Genus Aspergillus alone represents 13 species, viz., A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, A. sydowi, A. flavus, A. terreus, A. terreus var. Africanus,...
Monday, 7 March 2016
Mushroom Awareness Program at Ayodhya, 2016 (Part-1)
Urbanization has not left enough land for farmers to cultivate different crops. Due to this reason food crisis and malnutrition especially in terms of protein and micro nutrients has developed both in rural and urban areas which is resulting higher incidence of disease like diarrhoea,malaria, measles and acute respiratory infections among malnourished children. In addition to infectious disease, malnutrition is associated with delayed mental development and even growth retardation. In such circumstances, efforts in search of alternative resources of food may be of greater importance. Infact, it is the availability of food sources...
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