Studies on certain aspects of seed borne fungi. I. Fungi of Pennisetum typhoides (Burm f.) Staph. &Hubb.

Association of fungi with seeds and more particularly with economically important ones was well known to early seed pathologists. Vigorous efforts to control seed borne pathogens have been made by various workers throughout the world. In some cases suitable control measures were investigated and recommended. The problem of control, however, could not be solved in many cases due to lack of sufficient information regarding the association of fungi with seeds of a particular plant distributed in different localities with diverse environmental conditions. The seed of fungal population is greatly affected by various factors such as aerial spores agricultural operations (viz., harvesting and threshing), transit of seed, method of storage and moisture content of the seed. Sinha and Wallace (1965) and Wallace and Sinha (1962) worked out the ecology of seed mycoflora in Canada. A thorough knowledge of the ecology of seed fungi is a prerequisite before control methods for seed borne fungal disease can be developed. It was therefore, desired to investigate the effect of different ecological conditions of the seed fungi of certain crop plants and using the information obtained to determine the best method of control. 

Seed of Bajra (Pennisetum typhoides (Burm f.) Stapf. & Hubb.) collected from four districts, viz., Gorakhpur, Hardoi, kanpur and Unnao of uttar Pradesh, from May to July, 1970 were assayed for the associated seed mycoflora. The seed fungi of samples stored at different temperatures of- 1,8,12,20,25,33,50 and 70°C. To investigate the effect of leaf extracts of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. and Datura metel Auct. non L., the fresh leaves of the plants were collected. These were washed thoroughly with sterile distilled water (SDW) to remove the phyllosphere microflora. Five hundred g of each plant were mortared separately. The juice was then squeezed, filtered and autoclaved. Various dilutions of the resultant liquid (2,3,4,5,7,8,10,12 and 25%) were prepared in SDW. 

Twenty-nine fungal species were isolated from the seeds collected from the four localities. 22,17,18 and 16 species were noticed on Gorakhpur, Hardoi, Unnao and Kanpur respectively.  It was noted that higher number of fungal species were obtained from the seed stored between 8-33°C with the maximum at 25°C. The leaf extract of the Calotropis procera and Datura metel tried against seed fungi possessed selective antifungal properties. The Datura  extract proved more inhibitory than that of Calotropis. Increase in the extract concentration of both plants decreased the growth of the dominant fungus, Aspergillus flavus in culture. The germination percentage of P. typhoides was also lowered when treated with the culture filtrate of A. flavus. The extract of the two plants were also slightly toxic to P. typhoides at higher concentration. 

Cited this as: Kanaujia R.S. and R.R. Mishra (1977): Studies on certain aspects of seed-borne fungi.I. Fungi of Pennisetum typhoides (Burm f.) Stapf. & Hubb. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology. 13(3-4): 56-66.  

 

 

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मेरी कलम 08:19  No comment

अंधभक्ति .......

वो,
शब्दों से खेलता है,
चाशनी में लिपटे
उसके शब्द
तुम्हें आकर्षित करते हैं,
और तुम
चीटियों के माफिक
खींचे चले आते हो,
वह सम्मोहन करता है 
तुम सम्मोहित हो जाते हो,
और कुछ  इस तरह 
वह सत्ता पर 
काबिज हो जाता है ।
विश्वास है मुझे,
एक रोज 
जब उसका सम्मोहन कम  होगा 
वह चाशनी में लिपटे 
कुछ और शब्द 
फेंक देगा,
तुम फिर 
चीटियों के माफिक 
खींचे चले आओगे।

                               - सिद्धान्त 
                                 22 सितंबर, 2017 
                                 7 :55  पी. एम.

 

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मेरी कलम 07:36  1 comment

Influence of different nitrogen rich supplements during cultivation of Pleurotus florida on corn cob substrate

 The cultivation of white rot edible fungus Pleurotus florida was performed in polybags. The corn cob was employed as basal substrate while eight different additives such as urea, ammonium sulphate, gram flour, soybean meal, ground nut cake and molasses were used with corn cob. Three different levels of variable combinations with corn cob were evaluated in response to different parameters of mushroom viz., mycelial growth, spawn running, primordial initiation, fruit body yield and its biological efficiency. Each additive at different combinations showed variable impact on the different stages of mushroom life cycle. The primordial initiation was observed for the first time during 20.2–35.1 days. The biological efficiencies in every supplemented set were increased over un-supplemented control set. Increasing the level of additives, the biological efficiency was negatively affected at higher levels. The cotton seed cake was found the best supplement producing 93.75% biological efficiency while soybean meal was the second best additive producing 93.00% yield. The highest growth rate, rapid mycelia run, early primordial initiation, highest yield and biological efficiency were recorded in the combination of corn cob and cotton seed cake at 2% (98 + 2) level. (See original)

Cited this as:
Naraian, R., Sahu, R.K., Kumar, S., Garg S.K., Singh C.S. and R.S. Kanaujia (2009). Influence of different nitrogen rich supplements during cultivation of Pleurotus florida on corn cob substrate Environmentalist. 29: 1-7.

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मेरी कलम 08:23  No comment

Nutritional value and antioxidant properties of most widely consumed cultivated mushrooms in South East Nigeria

Mushroom contain a multitude of bioactive compound with nutritional value. Among the bioactive molecules, phenolic compounds are the most responsible for their antioxidant activity. In the present work Pleurotus tuber-regium, Auricularia auricula-judae and Lentinus squarrosulus, three edible mushroom species collected from Nigeria, were analyzed for their Nutritional value and antioxidant activity. For macroelement Ca has the highest value 101 (mg/kg), Mg has 45.28 (mg/kg) in A. auricula and Na lowest with 1.20 (mg/kg) in P. tuber-regium while microelement Zn has 43.56 (mg/kg) in P. tuber-regium and Mn has 0.06 (mh/kg) in L.squarrosulus. Glycosides and Anthraquinones were not present in the three samples and Alkaloids not present in P. tuber-regium. Carbohydrates were the most abundant macronutrients, followed by proteins and ash. Fructose, mannitol and trehalose were the prevalent sugars, but glucose was only found in P.tuber-regium. Unsaturated fatty acids predominated over  saturated fatty acids. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were abundant in the three samples. Oxalic and fumaric acids were quantified in the three samples; quinic acid was only present in L. squarrosulus, and malic and citric acids were only found in A. auricula. p-Hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic and cinnamic acids were quantified in all the species, while p-coumaric acid was only found in P. tuber-regium,. This species and A. auricula revealed the highest antioxidant properties, being L. squarrosulus more effective in radicals scavenging activity and reducing power, and A. auricula-judae in lipid peroxidation inhibition, which is related with the highest amounts in phenolic compounds, respectively.

Cited this as - Ukaogo O.P., Siddhant, Nnorom I.C., Ogbonna N.C. and Onyema C.T. (2017): Nutritional value and antioxidant properties of most widely consumed cultivated mushrooms in South East Nigeria. The Future Scientist Symposium 2017. Organized by  Lodoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; May 29-31, 2017. p.54.

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मेरी कलम 04:39  No comment

MYCOREMEDIATION CAN SAVE THE WORLD

India has a vast potential of agricultural wastes. The major agricultural sources are livestock and crop residues, tree wastes and weeds. With the introduction of high yielding varieties and adoption of intensive system of cropping, large quantities of crop residues (1500 lakh tone per year) along with huge amount of grasses and weeds are discarded as waste. The direct application of these wastes to the soil-plant system for crop production may create potential hazards related to nutrient management, trace elements, trace organic chemicals, pathogens and physical property of soil. Moreover, because of their wide range of C:N ratio, these agricultural waste are known to reduce the availability of important mineral nutrients to growing plant through immobilization into organic form and also produce some phytotoxic substances during their decomposition in field. Burning of such waste causes severe pollution of land and water on local as well as regional scale. This also adversely affects the nutrient budget in the soil. Mycoremediation is the use of fungi to degrade pollutants from the environment. Fungi especially mushrooms have the innate capability to breakdown wide range of agro-waste, disassembling their long-chained polymer into simpler form by producing variety of extracellular enzymes. Hence, biological pretreatment of such wastes with mushrooms is not only economically and environmentally attractive but also it provides a rich addition to the diet in form of functional food - The mushrooms. The agro-wastes left after mushroom harvest is called Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) which can be further composted to manure by using waste decomposer (Cellulolytic fungi) through rapid composting method. Microbial enrichment of manure can be done for improving its nutrient status. These products can be used to promote organic farming in view of the growing demand for safe and healthy food and long term sustainability and concern on environmental pollution associated with indiscriminate use of agro-chemicals.(See Original)

Cited this as: Siddhant, O.P. Ukaogo, Ruchira Singh and Mahesh Kumar (2017): Mycoremediation can save the world. National seminar on "Bio-degradation of Wildlife, Environment and Biodiversity" organized by Department of Zoology, Gandhi Faiz-e-aam College, Shahjahanpur (U.P.). March 19-20, 2017. p. 92 (Abstract)

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मेरी कलम 00:54  No comment

APHYLLOPHORALES:A TOOL TO MAKE ORNAMENTS

Aphyllophorales order was proposed by Rea, after Patouillard, for Basidiomycetes having macroscopic basidiocarps in which the hymenophore is flattened (Thelephoraceae), club-like (Clavariaceae), tooth-like (Hydnaceae) or has the hymenium lining tubes (Polyporaceae) or some times on lamellae, the poroid or lamellate hymenophores being tough and not fleshy as in the Agaricales. It comprises more than 190 genera of 52 families and total 1175 species. They are considered the major wood decomposer in the heartwood of dead and living trees, causes huge profit loss in the logging industry each year. It is estimated that one-third of the annual timber harvest is lost due to rot. Due to its woody texture along with attractive fruit bodies, these can be used as raw making decorative articles and establishing a mushroom ornament industry alongside to improve the economic situation of indigenous populations.

Cited this as: 

       Siddhant and R.S. Kanaujia (2017). Aphyllophorales: A tool to make ornaments. National seminar on "Biodiversity and Sustainable Development" Organized by Department of Zoology, Govt. P.G. College, Seoni (M.P.), India. February 11-12, 2017. p. 26.

 

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मेरी कलम 01:25  No comment

AYODHYA, A NEW HABITAT FOR GENUS MORCHELLA

Morchella, a true morels belonging to class Ascomycetes, are amongst the most highly prized fungi in the world. It is commonly known as morel, dryland fish, pine cone, guchchhi and sponge mushroom. It is easy to spot due to its distinctive honey combed upper portion which is composed of a network of ridges and pits. Occurrence of 18 species of Morchella are reported from 28 countries, where in altogether 14 species are reported to be edible and used as food and 5 are used medicinally.

 In India, majority of Morchella species are reported from North-Western Himalayan region especially Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and hilly tract of Uttar Pradesh which are known to be main Morchella producing sites in India. However, occasional reports revealed its occurrence from Assam, Amritsar, Madhya pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. It was also repoted from Ayodhya during December 2013, 2014 and 2015. Occurrence for Morchella Spp. during three subsequent years indicated its permanent habitat at Ayodhya. (See original)

Cited this as: Siddhant, Ruchira Singh, C.S. Singh, Swapanil Yadav and R.S. Kanaujia (2016): Ayodhya, a new habitat for Genus Morchella. National seminar on "Advances in Plant Science Frontier: Development and Environment" organized by Department of Botany, Gandhi Faiz-e-aam College, Shahjahanpur (U.P.). November 26-27, 2016. P.83-84  (Abstract)

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मेरी कलम 01:26  No comment