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Friday 20 May 2016

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To develop technologies for minimizing sugar losses in staled sugarcane under U.P. conditions : A Joint Report

Late crushing of sugarcane is emerging challenge to Indian Sugar Industry. The time lag between harvesting to milling of cane generally ranges between 3-7 days which entails losses in recoverable sugar due to staling. Staling losses are virtually most detrimental to sugar industry. These losses affect the cane tonnage which have to bear to the can growers. To minimizing staling losses, a research scheme sponsored by Council of Science and Technology (Uttar Pradesh) was carried out at Sugarcane Research Institute, Shahjahanpur during 2006-2008. 
In the first year of the project (2006-2007), the relative losses in sugar recovery and cane weight in elite varieties (CoS 767, CoS 8436, CoS 8432, CoS 97261, CoS 97264, CoSe 92423, CoS 95255, CoS 96268, CoS 96275 and CoS 98231) during staling hours from 0-120 in the month of March, April and May were assessed under the prevailing ambient temperature on the location. Irrespective of the varieties and months the increasing staling hours minimized the cane weight and sugar recovery. As per objective of the project, the investigation was made to find out those varieties which possessed maximum potential to face the staling constraints for the cane weight and sugar recovery losses. Among the varieties studies, variety CoS 8436, CoS 8432, CoS 97261, CoS 767 and CoSe 92423 found relatively better for less reduction in cane weight during the above said months. In respect of sugar recovery (Pol % Cane), varieties CoS 8436, CoS 8432, CoS 95255 and CoS 96268 found better due to their less reduction in sugar recovery during staling hours. These varieties are commonly cultivated at cane growers field. These findings have been disseminated to the sugar factory peoples, officials and cane growers by organizing several meeting at Sugarcane Research Institute, Shahjahanpur and these were duly informed to the commissioner, U.P. also. 
After completion of first phase of the work in respect of selection of suitable and sustainable varieties which possessed sugar retaining potential for the longer period during staling, the second phase (2007-2008) was started with the objective to find out the suitable technologies by which the cane weight losses and sugar recovery during staling may be minimized. In this direction, irrespective of the varieties, it was focused much more on the technologies that should be easily adoptable and feasible.  In the first year, it was assessed about the losses occurred during staling. The technologies applied to second year were divided in to two sections i.e. mechanical applications and foliar spray of different chemicals on harvested canes. 
In the mechanical application, five treatments were included, viz., cane stored under shade, water spray, cane with trash cover and cane with trash cover + water spray. The data revealed that the cane weight losses can be minimized by putting the cane under shade condition or water spray under open condition (250 L water for one ton cane heap) or covering the harvested cane with cane trash under open condition (0.5 quintal trash is sufficient to cover one ton cane heap) or covering the harvested cane with cane trash along with water spray under open condition (as mentioned above). These mechanical applications are effective in minimizing the cane weight loss in staled canes. The minimization value noted at par among themselves but significantly differ to those canes which were left under open condition without any treatment. These technologies are more pronounced in the later months (April and May) when the ambient temperature become high and there are even possibilities of drying the canes rapidly. 
In the chemical method, five chemicals namely Mercuric Chloride, Salicylic Acid, Ammonium Bifluoride, Zinc Sulphate and Sodium azide were sprayed (1 % conc.) on harvested canes. Among these chemicals although all are at par among themselves but relatively more effective chemicals were observed Sodium Azide and Ammonium Bifluoride in minimizing sugar losses in staled sugarcane compared to other.
The extraneous matter affected to the extraction % of juice and sugar recovery. Therefore, it was concluded that the cane should be free from all the extraneous matter to get maximum juice and sugar from the cane.

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